---
title: Research | Infrastructure (3)
description: "Infrastructure | The average device connected to the internet is hit by 17 automated attacks a day, 365 days a year.\n\nThe majority of hacked servers, networks and workstations go undetected for months or more. \nAntivirus software and firewalls cannot protect you from a targeted attack. (3)"
---

[![Reflare home](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/reflare%20logo.png?width=421&height=150&name=reflare%20logo.png "Reflare home")](https://reflare.com)

[![logo](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/logo.png?width=262&height=82&name=logo.png "logo")](https://reflare.com/act3)

[![reflare logo](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/reflare%20logo.png?width=168&height=60&name=reflare%20logo.png "reflare logo")](https://reflare.com/act3)

- [Galena](https://reflare.com/galena) 
    - [Galena Overview](https://reflare.com/galena)
    - [Galena for Tech Teams](https://reflare.com/technical-teams)
    - [Galena for L&D Teams](https://reflare.com/learning-development)
    - [Galena Security and Deployment](https://reflare.com/security-deployment)
- Training 
    - [Capture the Flag](https://reflare.com/rctf-reflare-capture-the-flag)
    - [Developers](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
    - [Administrators](https://reflare.com/rcsa)
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
- Audit 
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/pcidss)
    - [PCI 3DS](https://reflare.com/pci3ds)
    - [PCI PIN](https://reflare.com/pcipin)
    - [PCI DSS ASV](https://reflare.com/pcidssasv)
    - [Penetration Testing](https://reflare.com/penetration)
    - [Vulnerability Scanning](https://reflare.com/vulnerability)
    - [Advisory and Management](https://reflare.com/advisory)
- [Research](https://reflare.com/research) 
    - [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
    - [High Tech](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
    - [Infosec Culture](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
    - [Infrastructure](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
    - [Normal People and Infosec](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
    - [WTFWIB](https://whythefuckwasibreached.com/)
- [About](https://reflare.com/about) 
    - [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)
    - [Company](https://reflare.com/about)
    - [Careers](https://reflare.com/careers)
    - [Service Status](https://statuspage.reflare.com/)
- [日本語](https://jp.reflare.com/)

[Login](https://reflare.com/login)

[Buy Now](https://www.hubspot.com/)

[Login](https://www.hubspot.com/)Login to your Reflare account

- [Galena](https://reflare.com/galena)

    - [Galena Overview](https://reflare.com/galena)
    - [Galena for Tech Teams](https://reflare.com/technical-teams)
    - [Galena for L&D Teams](https://reflare.com/learning-development)
    - [Galena Security and Deployment](https://reflare.com/security-deployment)
- Training

    - [Capture the Flag](https://reflare.com/rctf-reflare-capture-the-flag)
    - [Developers](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
    - [Administrators](https://reflare.com/rcsa)
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
- Audit

    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/pcidss)
    - [PCI 3DS](https://reflare.com/pci3ds)
    - [PCI PIN](https://reflare.com/pcipin)
    - [PCI DSS ASV](https://reflare.com/pcidssasv)
    - [Penetration Testing](https://reflare.com/penetration)
    - [Vulnerability Scanning](https://reflare.com/vulnerability)
    - [Advisory and Management](https://reflare.com/advisory)
- [Research](https://reflare.com/research)

    - [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
    - [High Tech](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
    - [Infosec Culture](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
    - [Infrastructure](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
    - [Normal People and Infosec](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
    - [WTFWIB](https://whythefuckwasibreached.com/)
- [About](https://reflare.com/about)

    - [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)
    - [Company](https://reflare.com/about)
    - [Careers](https://reflare.com/careers)
    - [Service Status](https://statuspage.reflare.com/)
- [日本語](https://jp.reflare.com/)

[Buy Now](https://www.hubspot.com/)

# <https://reflare.com/research> Research / Infrastructure (3)

## [French Election Cyber Attacks and Countermeasures](https://reflare.com/research/french-election-cyber-attacks-and-countermeasures)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on May 12, 2017, 5:51:00 PM

[![French Election Cyber Attacks and Countermeasures](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/French%20Election%20Cyber%20Attacks%20and%20Countermeasures.png)](https://reflare.com/research/french-election-cyber-attacks-and-countermeasures)

 The campaign of Emmanuel Macron, a centrist French politician and the winner of the 2017 French presidential election, was at the time the target of a large-scale cyber attack. First Published 12th May 2017 Leaders as targets. 4 min read | Reflare Research Team Shortly before last wee …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/french-election-cyber-attacks-and-countermeasures)

Topics: [Infrastructure](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)

<https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure/page/2> [1](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure/page/1) [2](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure/page/2) [3](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure/page/3)

- Recent
- Topics
- Archive

Recent

Topics

- [Infosec Culture (113)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
- [Anatomy of a Breach (60)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
- [Normal People and Infosec (42)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
- [High Tech (33)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
- [Infrastructure (21)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
- [Capture the Flag (8)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/capture-the-flag)

See all

Archive

- [September 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/09)
- [August 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/08)
- [June 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/06)
- [May 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/05)
- [April 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/04)
- [March 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/03)
- [February 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/02)
- [January 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/01)
- [December 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/12)
- [November 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/11)
- [October 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/10)
- [September 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/09)
- [August 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/08)
- [July 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/07)
- [June 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/06)
- [May 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/05)
- [April 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/04)
- [March 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/03)
- [February 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/02)
- [January 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/01)
- [December 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/12)
- [November 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/11)
- [October 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/10)
- [September 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/09)
- [August 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/08)
- [July 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/07)
- [June 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/06)
- [April 2024 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/04)
- [February 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/02)
- [January 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/01)
- [December 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/12)
- [November 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/11)
- [October 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/10)
- [September 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/09)
- [August 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/08)
- [July 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/07)
- [June 2023 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/06)
- [May 2023 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/05)
- [April 2023 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/04)
- [March 2023 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/03)
- [February 2023 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/02)
- [January 2023 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/01)
- [December 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/12)
- [November 2022 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/11)
- [October 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/10)
- [September 2022 (11)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/09)
- [August 2022 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/08)
- [July 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/07)
- [May 2022 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/05)
- [April 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/04)
- [February 2022 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/02)
- [January 2022 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/01)
- [December 2021 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/12)
- [November 2021 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/11)
- [October 2021 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/10)
- [September 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/09)
- [August 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/08)
- [June 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/06)
- [May 2021 (14)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/05)
- [February 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/02)
- [October 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/10)
- [September 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/09)
- [July 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/07)
- [June 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/06)
- [May 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/05)
- [April 2020 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/04)
- [March 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/03)
- [February 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/02)
- [January 2020 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/01)
- [December 2019 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/12)
- [November 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/11)
- [October 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/10)
- [September 2019 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/09)
- [August 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/08)
- [July 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/07)
- [June 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/06)
- [May 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/05)
- [April 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/04)
- [March 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/03)
- [February 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/02)
- [January 2019 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/01)
- [December 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/12)
- [November 2018 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/11)
- [October 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/10)
- [September 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/09)
- [August 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/08)
- [July 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/07)
- [June 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/06)
- [May 2018 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/05)
- [April 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/04)
- [March 2018 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/03)
- [February 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/02)
- [January 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/01)
- [December 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/12)
- [November 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/11)
- [October 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/10)
- [September 2017 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/09)
- [August 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/08)
- [July 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/07)
- [June 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/06)
- [May 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/05)
- [April 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/04)
- [March 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/03)
- [February 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/02)
- [January 2017 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/01)
- [December 2016 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/12)
- [November 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/11)
- [October 2016 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/10)
- [September 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/09)
- [August 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/08)
- [July 2016 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/07)
- [June 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/06)
- [May 2016 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/05)
- [April 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/04)
- [March 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/03)
- [February 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/02)

See all

### Subscribe by email

#### About Reflare

We help customers increase cyber resilience with the #1 hands-on IT security training platform.

Our developer, administrator, and non-technical user training programs enhance user skills, fulfil your compliance needs, and contribute to developing more secure technologies.

<https://x.com/reflarehq><https://www.linkedin.com/company/reflare-ltd.>

Legal

- [Terms of Service](https://reflare.com/terms)
- [Privacy Statement](https://reflare.com/privacy)
- [Cookie Info](https://reflare.com/cookies)
- [Copyright and Citation Enquiries](https://reflare.com/citation)
- [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)

 © 2026 Reflare Ltd, and/or its affiliates.   /   In business since 2009.