---
title: Research | Anatomy of a Breach (3)
description: "Anatomy of a Breach | The average device connected to the internet is hit by 17 automated attacks a day, 365 days a year.\n\nThe majority of hacked servers, networks and workstations go undetected for months or more. \nAntivirus software and firewalls cannot protect you from a targeted attack. (3)"
---

[![Reflare home](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/reflare%20logo.png?width=421&height=150&name=reflare%20logo.png "Reflare home")](https://reflare.com)

[![logo](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/logo.png?width=262&height=82&name=logo.png "logo")](https://reflare.com/act3)

[![reflare logo](https://reflare.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Reflare%20website%20images/Reflare%20Logos/reflare%20logo.png?width=168&height=60&name=reflare%20logo.png "reflare logo")](https://reflare.com/act3)

- [Galena](https://reflare.com/galena) 
    - [Galena Overview](https://reflare.com/galena)
    - [Galena for Tech Teams](https://reflare.com/technical-teams)
    - [Galena for L&D Teams](https://reflare.com/learning-development)
    - [Galena Security and Deployment](https://reflare.com/security-deployment)
- Training 
    - [Capture the Flag](https://reflare.com/rctf-reflare-capture-the-flag)
    - [Developers](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
    - [Administrators](https://reflare.com/rcsa)
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
- Audit 
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/pcidss)
    - [PCI 3DS](https://reflare.com/pci3ds)
    - [PCI PIN](https://reflare.com/pcipin)
    - [PCI DSS ASV](https://reflare.com/pcidssasv)
    - [Penetration Testing](https://reflare.com/penetration)
    - [Vulnerability Scanning](https://reflare.com/vulnerability)
    - [Advisory and Management](https://reflare.com/advisory)
- [Research](https://reflare.com/research) 
    - [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
    - [High Tech](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
    - [Infosec Culture](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
    - [Infrastructure](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
    - [Normal People and Infosec](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
    - [WTFWIB](https://whythefuckwasibreached.com/)
- [About](https://reflare.com/about) 
    - [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)
    - [Company](https://reflare.com/about)
    - [Careers](https://reflare.com/careers)
    - [Service Status](https://statuspage.reflare.com/)
- [日本語](https://jp.reflare.com/)

[Login](https://reflare.com/login)

[Buy Now](https://www.hubspot.com/)

[Login](https://www.hubspot.com/)Login to your Reflare account

- [Galena](https://reflare.com/galena)

    - [Galena Overview](https://reflare.com/galena)
    - [Galena for Tech Teams](https://reflare.com/technical-teams)
    - [Galena for L&D Teams](https://reflare.com/learning-development)
    - [Galena Security and Deployment](https://reflare.com/security-deployment)
- Training

    - [Capture the Flag](https://reflare.com/rctf-reflare-capture-the-flag)
    - [Developers](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
    - [Administrators](https://reflare.com/rcsa)
    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/rcsd)
- Audit

    - [PCI DSS](https://reflare.com/pcidss)
    - [PCI 3DS](https://reflare.com/pci3ds)
    - [PCI PIN](https://reflare.com/pcipin)
    - [PCI DSS ASV](https://reflare.com/pcidssasv)
    - [Penetration Testing](https://reflare.com/penetration)
    - [Vulnerability Scanning](https://reflare.com/vulnerability)
    - [Advisory and Management](https://reflare.com/advisory)
- [Research](https://reflare.com/research)

    - [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
    - [High Tech](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
    - [Infosec Culture](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
    - [Infrastructure](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
    - [Normal People and Infosec](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
    - [WTFWIB](https://whythefuckwasibreached.com/)
- [About](https://reflare.com/about)

    - [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)
    - [Company](https://reflare.com/about)
    - [Careers](https://reflare.com/careers)
    - [Service Status](https://statuspage.reflare.com/)
- [日本語](https://jp.reflare.com/)

[Buy Now](https://www.hubspot.com/)

# <https://reflare.com/research> Research / Anatomy of a Breach (3)

## [The Trouble with Crowd Sourced Data](https://reflare.com/research/the-trouble-with-crowd-sourced-data)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Aug 31, 2021, 3:18:00 PM

[![The Trouble with Crowd Sourced Data](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/The%20Trouble%20with%20Crowd%20Sourced%20Data%20.png)](https://reflare.com/research/the-trouble-with-crowd-sourced-data)

 A Mapbox GL JS v2.0.2 user maliciously renamed New York City. Within seconds of the attack, eBay, Snapchat, Foursquare, CitiBike and Zillow automatically fell in line, and NYC was gone. First Published 31st August 2018 The wisdom (and stupidity) of crowds. Baaaahstards! 4 min read | R …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/the-trouble-with-crowd-sourced-data)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [3rd Party Vendors Add Hard to Calculate Information Security Risks](https://reflare.com/research/3rd-party-vendors-add-hard-to-calculate-information-security-risks)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Feb 12, 2021, 6:44:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/3rd%20Party%20Vendors%20Add%20Hard%20to%20Calculate%20Information%20Security%20Risks%20.png)](https://reflare.com/research/3rd-party-vendors-add-hard-to-calculate-information-security-risks)

 The Solarwinds breach is a classic case that shows how hard it can be to evaluate information security risks. There are many external and internal factors that can come into play. What you don’t see might hurt you the most. First Published 12th February 2021 "And the award for the Mos …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/3rd-party-vendors-add-hard-to-calculate-information-security-risks)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [How a Multi-Stage Cyber-Attack Works](https://reflare.com/research/how-a-multi-stage-cyber-attack-works)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on May 26, 2020, 6:35:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/How%20a%20Multi-Stage%20Cyber-Attack%20Works%20.png)](https://reflare.com/research/how-a-multi-stage-cyber-attack-works)

 Multi-stage, or hit-and-run attacks, are a common way that cyber criminals approach their victims. And, increasingly, complex organisations are the targets. First Published 26th May 2020 Well-designed attacks come in waves. 4 min read | Reflare Research Team Many sophisticated cyber-a …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/how-a-multi-stage-cyber-attack-works)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [The SBA Breach - Why Breaches Increase During Crisis](https://reflare.com/research/the-sba-breach-why-breaches-increase-during-crisis)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Apr 28, 2020, 6:32:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/The%20SBA%20Breach%20-%20Why%20Breaches%20Increase%20During%20Crisis.jpg)](https://reflare.com/research/the-sba-breach-why-breaches-increase-during-crisis)

 The EIDL system had been breached for approximately five and a half hours. During this time, hackers gained access to sensitive business-related information. First Published 28th April 2020 Covid is a convenient distraction that attackers are taking advantage of. 4 min read | Reflare …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/the-sba-breach-why-breaches-increase-during-crisis)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [The Unsolvable Problem of Insider Threats](https://reflare.com/research/the-unsolvable-problem-of-insider-threats)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Sep 25, 2019, 5:57:00 PM

[![The Unsolvable Problem of Insider Threats](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/The%20Unsolvable%20Problem%20of%20Insider%20Threats.png)](https://reflare.com/research/the-unsolvable-problem-of-insider-threats)

 This is a rare occurrence for a Chief Intelligence Officer to be arrested on such serious criminal charges, and frankly, it would have been almost unthinkable just a few years ago. First Published 25th September 2019 "Pssst. Do you have a pen? It's admin, admin." 4 min read | Reflare …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/the-unsolvable-problem-of-insider-threats)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [What the Ecuadorian Data Breach Can Teach Us](https://reflare.com/research/what-the-ecuadorian-data-breach-can-teach-us)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Sep 18, 2019, 5:55:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/What%20the%20Ecuadorian%20Data%20Breach%20Can%20Teach%20Us%20.png)](https://reflare.com/research/what-the-ecuadorian-data-breach-can-teach-us)

 The unsecured database contained records for every registered citizen of Ecuador, which included sensitive information, including their name, address, voting preferences, and even their government ID number. First Published 18th September 2019 Thanks to this data leak, some Ecuadorian …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/what-the-ecuadorian-data-breach-can-teach-us)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [GDPR - How Good Intentions Can (Partially) Backfire](https://reflare.com/research/gdpr-how-good-intentions-can-partially-backfire)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Aug 13, 2019, 5:46:00 PM

[![GDPR - How Good Intentions Can (Partially) Backfire](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/GDPR%20-%20How%20Good%20Intentions%20Can%20(Partially)%20Backfire.png)](https://reflare.com/research/gdpr-how-good-intentions-can-partially-backfire)

 A relatively simple, yet effective proof-of-concept has demonstrated that complying with certain aspects of GDPR could potentially put consumers at greater risk, not less. First Published 13th August 2019 "Please give me a copy of my data. It's me. You know... MEEEEE!." 4 min read | R …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/gdpr-how-good-intentions-can-partially-backfire)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [Ransomware is Still on the Rise](https://reflare.com/research/ransomware-is-still-on-the-rise)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Jul 1, 2019, 5:37:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/Ransomware%20is%20Still%20on%20the%20Rise%20.png)](https://reflare.com/research/ransomware-is-still-on-the-rise)

 Ransomware remains one of the most popular cyber attack vectors. Given a choice between paying a hefty sum to recover valuable data or not paying and losing access forever, many victims end up choosing to pay. First Published 1st July 2019 In the moment, many feel like they have no ot …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/ransomware-is-still-on-the-rise)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [NASA Breach Follow Up](https://reflare.com/research/nasa-breach-follow-up)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Jun 24, 2019, 5:36:00 PM

[![](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/NASA%20Breach%20Follow%20Up.png)](https://reflare.com/research/nasa-breach-follow-up)

 A security audit found that the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) cyber attack involved the installation of unauthorised hardware, which eventually led to numerous malicious attacks against NASA networks. First Published 24th June 2019 JPL do some amazing things. Connecting a Raspberry …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/nasa-breach-follow-up)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

## [On the Australian National University Breach](https://reflare.com/research/on-the-australian-national-university-breach)

 by [**Reflare Research Team**](https://reflare.com/research/author/reflare-research-team) on Jun 10, 2019, 5:31:00 PM

[![On the Australian National University Breach](https://reflare.com/hubfs/Blog%20image%20in%20post/On%20the%20Australian%20National%20University%20Breach.png)](https://reflare.com/research/on-the-australian-national-university-breach)

 Hackers obtained personal details, including names, addresses, payment cards and other payment information of overseas students’ union leaders from the Australian National University (ANU). First Published 10th June 2019 Foreign relations between China and Australia - in happier times …

[Read Story](https://reflare.com/research/on-the-australian-national-university-breach)

Topics: [Anatomy of a Breach](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)

<https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/2> [1](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/1) [2](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/2) [3](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/3) [4](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/4) [5](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/5) <https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach/page/4>

- Recent
- Topics
- Archive

Recent

Topics

- [Infosec Culture (113)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infosec-culture)
- [Anatomy of a Breach (60)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/anatomy-of-a-breach)
- [Normal People and Infosec (42)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/normal-people-and-infosec)
- [High Tech (33)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/high-tech)
- [Infrastructure (21)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/infrastructure)
- [Capture the Flag (8)](https://reflare.com/research/tag/capture-the-flag)

See all

Archive

- [September 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/09)
- [August 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/08)
- [June 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/06)
- [May 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/05)
- [April 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/04)
- [March 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/03)
- [February 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/02)
- [January 2026 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2026/01)
- [December 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/12)
- [November 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/11)
- [October 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/10)
- [September 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/09)
- [August 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/08)
- [July 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/07)
- [June 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/06)
- [May 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/05)
- [April 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/04)
- [March 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/03)
- [February 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/02)
- [January 2025 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2025/01)
- [December 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/12)
- [November 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/11)
- [October 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/10)
- [September 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/09)
- [August 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/08)
- [July 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/07)
- [June 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/06)
- [April 2024 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/04)
- [February 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/02)
- [January 2024 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2024/01)
- [December 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/12)
- [November 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/11)
- [October 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/10)
- [September 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/09)
- [August 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/08)
- [July 2023 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/07)
- [June 2023 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/06)
- [May 2023 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/05)
- [April 2023 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/04)
- [March 2023 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/03)
- [February 2023 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/02)
- [January 2023 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2023/01)
- [December 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/12)
- [November 2022 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/11)
- [October 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/10)
- [September 2022 (11)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/09)
- [August 2022 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/08)
- [July 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/07)
- [May 2022 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/05)
- [April 2022 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/04)
- [February 2022 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/02)
- [January 2022 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2022/01)
- [December 2021 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/12)
- [November 2021 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/11)
- [October 2021 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/10)
- [September 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/09)
- [August 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/08)
- [June 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/06)
- [May 2021 (14)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/05)
- [February 2021 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2021/02)
- [October 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/10)
- [September 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/09)
- [July 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/07)
- [June 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/06)
- [May 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/05)
- [April 2020 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/04)
- [March 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/03)
- [February 2020 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/02)
- [January 2020 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2020/01)
- [December 2019 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/12)
- [November 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/11)
- [October 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/10)
- [September 2019 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/09)
- [August 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/08)
- [July 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/07)
- [June 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/06)
- [May 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/05)
- [April 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/04)
- [March 2019 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/03)
- [February 2019 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/02)
- [January 2019 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2019/01)
- [December 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/12)
- [November 2018 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/11)
- [October 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/10)
- [September 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/09)
- [August 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/08)
- [July 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/07)
- [June 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/06)
- [May 2018 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/05)
- [April 2018 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/04)
- [March 2018 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/03)
- [February 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/02)
- [January 2018 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2018/01)
- [December 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/12)
- [November 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/11)
- [October 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/10)
- [September 2017 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/09)
- [August 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/08)
- [July 2017 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/07)
- [June 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/06)
- [May 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/05)
- [April 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/04)
- [March 2017 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/03)
- [February 2017 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/02)
- [January 2017 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2017/01)
- [December 2016 (1)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/12)
- [November 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/11)
- [October 2016 (2)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/10)
- [September 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/09)
- [August 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/08)
- [July 2016 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/07)
- [June 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/06)
- [May 2016 (3)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/05)
- [April 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/04)
- [March 2016 (5)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/03)
- [February 2016 (4)](https://reflare.com/research/archive/2016/02)

See all

### Subscribe by email

#### About Reflare

We help customers increase cyber resilience with the #1 hands-on IT security training platform.

Our developer, administrator, and non-technical user training programs enhance user skills, fulfil your compliance needs, and contribute to developing more secure technologies.

<https://x.com/reflarehq><https://www.linkedin.com/company/reflare-ltd.>

Legal

- [Terms of Service](https://reflare.com/terms)
- [Privacy Statement](https://reflare.com/privacy)
- [Cookie Info](https://reflare.com/cookies)
- [Copyright and Citation Enquiries](https://reflare.com/citation)
- [Contact](https://reflare.com/contact)

 © 2026 Reflare Ltd, and/or its affiliates.   /   In business since 2009.